- What do the pictures have in common?
- The dances show respect commonly show respect for their history, culture and tradition.
- What is being represented in the pictures above?
- The pictures above represent the dancers, their culture, and their dance.
IRF Worksheet
I.
East Asian traditional dances don’t just represent entertainment; They also represent history, tradition, and culture.
Dances have their own history; Some of them even stretch far back to the ancient times. Some examples are the Indian dances that lasted from ancient ages until today. Dances also show their respect for their tradition and culture. Their costumes, the way they wear it, and how they dance with it, could explain history, culture, and tradition.
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R
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F
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Content Words
· They are sometimes used as subjects or stressed words in sentences, because they have meaning when left alone.
· Example:
o Nouns
o Verbs
o Adjectives
o Averbs
- They are used as prepositions and are only used in relation to their sentence.
- Example:
Use the retrieval chart to classify some of the words form the excerpt of The Prophet by Khali Gibran:
RETRIEVAL CHART
| |
Content Words
|
Function Words
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Work
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Is
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Love
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Of
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Grudge
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To
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Indifference
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The
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Speak
|
With
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11/09/15
Take a look at some lines taken from the excerpt of The Prophet.
Work is love made visible. And if you cannot work with love but only with distaste, it is better that you should leave your work and sit at the gate of the temple and take alms of those who work with joy.
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Excerpt from The Prophet by Khali Gibran
|
· What is said about work in the paragraph?
o According to the passage: Work is love made visible.
· According to Gibran, what are the better things to do if one cannot work with love?
o It’s better to leave your work if you don’t love it.
Coordinating Conjunctions
· They connect words, phrases, and clauses. They are found in either the beginning or middle of the sentence.
o Example I:
§ F: For: Adds a contributing thought to a sentence
§ A: And: Adds a similar thought to a sentence
§ N: Nor: Does neither of the ideas in a sentence
§ B: But: Adds a contrasting idea to a sentence
§ O: Or : Gives a choice to a sentence
§ Y: Yet: Does the opposite choice in the sentence
§ S: So : Gives a consequence or effect to a sentence
o Example II:
§ Noun
§ Verbs
§ Adjectives
§ Adverbs
§ Phrases
§ Clauses
· Dependent
· Independent
Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinators are function words that join Dependent clauses to the main clause. They are those that connect ideas using:
· Who
· Whom
· Whose
· Which
· That
These words not only introduce the subordinate clause, but also its relation to the main clause. The chief function is to clarify the relation between the two clauses. It shows:
· Time
· Place
· Cause
· Result
· Exception
· Condition
· Alternative
Subordinating Expressions Examples:
· Purpose
o They read so that they learned
· Cause and Effect
o He failed because he didn’t study
· Manner
o Tess acts as if she knows everything
· Place
o I don’t know where it is!
Adjective Subordinate Clause
Usually introduced by the pronoun: who, whom, whose, which, and that.
· The boy who won the prize is my cousin
· She is one of the people whom I invited
· They apologized to the man, whose window they had broken
11/09/15
Take a look at some lines taken from the excerpt of The Prophet.
Work is love made visible. And if you cannot work with love but only with distaste, it is better that you should leave your work and sit at the gate of the temple and take alms of those who work with joy.
|
Excerpt from The Prophet by Khali Gibran
|
· What is said about work in the paragraph?
o According to the passage: Work is love made visible.
· According to Gibran, what are the better things to do if one cannot work with love?
o It’s better to leave your work if you don’t love it.
Coordinating Conjunctions
· They connect words, phrases, and clauses. They are found in either the beginning or middle of the sentence.
o Example I:
§ F: For: Adds a contributing thought to a sentence
§ A: And: Adds a similar thought to a sentence
§ N: Nor: Does neither of the ideas in a sentence
§ B: But: Adds a contrasting idea to a sentence
§ O: Or : Gives a choice to a sentence
§ Y: Yet: Does the opposite choice in the sentence
§ S: So : Gives a consequence or effect to a sentence
o Example II:
§ Noun
§ Verbs
§ Adjectives
§ Adverbs
§ Phrases
§ Clauses
· Dependent
· Independent
Subordinating Conjunctions
Subordinators are function words that join Dependent clauses to the main clause. They are those that connect ideas using:
- · Who
- · Whom
- · Whose
- · Which
- · That
These words not only introduce the subordinate clause, but also its relation to the main clause. The chief function is to clarify the relation between the two clauses. It shows:
- · Time
- · Place
- · Cause
- · Result
- · Exception
- · Condition
- · Alternative
- Subordinating Expressions Examples:
- · Purpose
- o They read so that they learned
- · Cause and Effect
- o He failed because he didn’t study
- · Manner
- o Tess acts as if she knows everything
- · Place
- o I don’t know where it is!
Adjective Subordinate Clause
Usually introduced by the pronoun: who, whom, whose, which, and that.
- · The boy who won the prize is my cousin
- · She is one of the people whom I invited
- · They apologized to the man, whose window they had broken
11/19/15
Adjective 3: Connect me if I’m right
Use the conjunctions to connect the clauses.
- Yet 1. It was raining. We went out.
- So 2. It was a warm day. We took off our sweaters.
- But 3. He was an extravagant person. He did not spend all his money.
- And 4. He was an extravagant person. He spent his money foolishly.
- Or 5. Tell the truth. I will punish you.
- And 6. Tell the truth. I’ll not punish you.
- But 7. Anton lost his book. He didn’t look for it.
- Or 8. You will hand in your theme on time. I’ll impose a penalty.
- So 9. Josie studied hard for the test. She got a good grade.
- So 10. You are not paying attention. The teacher will scold you.
II.
- 1. She could not go out because she felt ill.
- 2. We went out when the rain stopped.
- 3. She did not know that she lost her watch.
- 4. The child is crying because he has been punished.
- 5. She was not sure if she could go.
- 6. She didn’t wear her new shoes although her mother told her to.
- 7. It was growing dark when she reached home.
- 8. I’ll attend your party since you invited me.
- 9. I’ll buy that picture because it is very pretty.
- 10. She has a lot of books but she doesn’t read them.
Activity 4: Vocabulary Mapping
Directions: Give the meaning of the italicized words using the vocabulary mapping procedure.
- · Rituals and prayers
- · Discourses between teachers and pupils
- · Moral undertones
- · Cultural revival
Word
|
Synonyms
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Definition
|
Sentence
|
Rituals
|
Ceremony, Rite
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A solemn ceremony consisting of a series of actions performed according to a prescribed order.
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Prayers are rituals done commonly around the world.
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Discourse
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Debate, Dialogue, Talk
|
Written or spoken communication or debate.
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Discourses between teachers and pupils
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Undertones
|
Connotation, atmosphere, Atmosphere
|
An underlying quality
|
Many of them with moral undertones.
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Revival
|
Recovery, Comeback
|
Regain something
|
11/23/15
Identify the topic sentence of each paragraph of the article about the Characteristics of Indian Literature.
· Paragraph 1
o Sanskrit Literature developed from oral tradition and were developed into holy texts that address Aryan gods.
· Paragraph 2
o Its epics involve ideas of statecraft, cosmology, philosophy, and science of war.
· Paragraph 3
o When Sanskrit grammar evolved, it was aimed to be put in order and brought a cultural revival.
· Paragraph 4
o Modern Indian literature, writing, vernacular language, and cultures were taught to colonial officials.
· Paragraph 5
o Post-independence India had their literature well established.
Activity 6 Outlining
Fill the outline of the article about the Characteristics of Indian Literature.
Stages of Development
· Oral Literature
o Developed into Vedic Holy texts connected to Aryan Gods
o Contains Several Hymns addressed to various gods and is taught by high priests.
§ Rig Veda
§ Brahmans
o Upanishads, teachers and pupils, follow the high priests
o The Puranas were essentially the history of Aryans and also contains two famous Puranic epics.
§ Ramayana
§ Mahrabata
· Beginnings of Sanskrit Literature(circa 400 A.D)
o The writings were codified and put in order.
· Modern Indian Literature
o Modern Indian literature, writing, vernacular language, and cultures were taught to colonial officials.
12/07/15
Activity 5: Read Quickly
Identify the sentence of each paragraph of the characteristic of Indian Literature.
· Paragraph 1:
o Sanskrit literature developed from oral tradition addressing Aryan gods.
· Paragraph 2:
o Its epics involve statecraft, philosophy, cosmology, and science of war.
· Paragraph 3:
o Sanskrit grammar evolved about 400bc, and was aimed to be classified and put in order.
· Paragraph 4:
o Modern Indian literature, writing, vernacular, and culture, was taught to colonial official.
· Paragraph 5:
o Post-independence India had their literature well-established.
Activity 6: Outlining
Outline the development of Indian Literature.
Stages of Development
|
I. Oral Literature
a. Development into Vedic holy texts connected to Aryan gods.
b. Contain several hymns addressed to various gods.
i. Rig Veda
ii. Brahmans
c. They were taught by the Upanishads
d. The Puranic epics essentially a history of Aryans. It also contains two of the most famous epics.
i. Ramayana
ii. Mahrabhata
II. Beginnings of Indian Literature
a. The writings were codified and put in order.
b. They were taught to colonial officials.
III. Modern Indian Literature
a. Post-independence India had their literature well-established.
b. Modern Indian literature, writing, vernacular, and culture, was taught to colonial official.
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Activity 7: Getting items from news and newspapers
Collect news items and answer the questions:
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Where does international news come from?
|
From all over the world.
|
What do they talk about mostly?
|
Current issues around the world.
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Are news good or bad?
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News are intended to be good.
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12/14/15
Activity 8: Watch and Work
Directions:
Observation the epic
Ramayana and do the following.
·
Group 1:
o
Arrange
the event of the epic of Ramayana.
·
Group 2:
o
Accomplish
the Actitude Analysis.
·
Group 3:
o
Identify
the conflict of the Ramayana.
Group 1:
1. Dasharata king of Ayodha, has three wives and
two sons with Rama being the eldest.
2. Sita chose Rama to be her husband.
3. King Dasharata gave his throne to Bharata and
banish Rama, as promised by his second wife.
4. Rama obeys his father and banishes himself in
the forest.
5. Bharata begs Rama to come back to the kingdom
and rule.
6. Rama, Sita, and Lakshaman led a simple life
in the forest.
7. Ravana deceives Sita and kidnaps her.
8. Hanuman helped Rama to rescue Sita.
9. Hanuman’s tail is set on fire by Ravana.
10. Hanuman led a mighty battle against Ravana
11. Rama sets Sita free and helps defeat Ravana.
Group 2:
Name:
Rama
|
|
Summary:
Rama, son of Dasharata, was
banished into the forest with his wife Sita, and his brother Lakshaman. They
led a simple life until Sita was kidnapped by Ravana. Hanuman helped Rama
rescue Sita, then defeats Ravana.
|
|
Attitudes
|
Actions
|
Brave
|
Rama came to Ravana to rescue
his wife.
|
Obedient
|
Rama obeyed his father to
banish himself to the forest.
|
Group 3:
Conflict:
Ravana kidnapped Sita
|
Rama is helped by Hanuman
rescue Sita.
|
Ravana is defeated.
|
|
The mighty battle against Ravana
shaped how Rama loved his wife and he would go into a fight against the enemy
to rescue her.
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02/01/16
Activity 9: Oral Practice
Identify the feeling of each saying of the
characters in Ramanaya.
"I
gladly obey father's
command." – Rama
|
Happy and willing
|
“You
must stand vigilant, guarding a
sacrifice from demons for six days and seven nights.”
– Visvamitra
|
Brave and confident
|
“My
husband, remember when I saved your life in the battlefield so many years
ago? And do you remember that you granted me two boons at that time. The time
has come for you to fulfil your promise!”
–Kaikeyi
|
Confident
|
“Oh
woman, have you no heart? Please ask anything but not that.” – King
Dasaratha
|
Sad and unwilling
|
Kinds of Sentences
·
Simple sentence
§
Simple
sentence is a sentence with one independent clause and no subordinate clause.
It may contain two or more verbs or two or more subjects connected by
subordinators, but this does not alter the fact that only one thought is
expressed.
o
Compound Sentence
§
Compound
Sentence is a sentence composed of two or more independent clauses but no
subordinate clauses. The clauses of a compound sentence may be separated by
semi-colons or commas followed by coordinating conjunctions; or semi-colons
followed by sentence connectors. You may separate the two main clauses of a
compound sentence into two simple sentences.
o
Complex Sentence
§
Complex
Sentence is a sentence containing one independent clause and at least one
subordinate clause.
o
Compound-Complex Sentence
§
Compound-Complex
Sentence contains two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate
clause.
Activity 10: Sentence Structure Test
Complex Sentence
|
Contains one independent
clause and at least one subordinate clause.
|
Complex
Sentence
|
Contains one independent
clause and at least one subordinate clause.
|
Complex
Sentence
|
Contains one independent
clause and at least one subordinate clause.
|
Simple
Sentence
|
Sentence with one independent
clause and no subordinate clause.
|
Complex
Sentence
|
Complex Sentence is a
sentence containing one independent clause and at least one subordinate
clause.
|
Compound
Complex Sentence
|
Contains
two or more independent clauses and at least one subordinate clause.
|
Simple
Sentence
|
Contains one independent
clause and at least one subordinate clause.
|
Simple
Sentence
|
Contains one independent
clause and at least one subordinate clause.
|
Simple
Sentence
|
Contains one independent
clause and at least one subordinate clause.
|
02/08/16
Activity 11: WRITE A REFLECTION
Write a summary of
the insights you have gained about the two characters in “The Ramayana”. Use a
mixture of simple, compound and complex sentences to make your summary
interesting.
1. Characterize Rama as a husband and Sita as a
wife.
a. Rama:
i. A caring husband who tried to protect his
wife, Sita. Rama is also brave because he rescued Sita from Ravana.
b. Sita:
i. A loyal wife who loved Rama and devoted
herself to him.
2. How did Sita show her love and devotion to
her husband? How about Rama to his wife?
a. Sita showed her love and devotion to Rama by
keeping herself from being tempted by Ravana.
Background on Persian Literature
Persian literature refers
to the body of writings in Modern Persian. The form of Persian language emerged
in the 19th century, especially in north-eastern Iran. The first
Persian writings were in verse. As prose translations from Arabic were made.
Activity 12: Building your Vocabulary
Find the meaning of
the following words.
1. Turret
a. A projecting tower
2. Anon
a. Soon
3. Vintage
a. An earlier model
4. Caravanserai
a. A large inn
5. Battered
a. Run down
Activity 13: Reading meaning in poetry
Find the appropriate
meaning of each message from “The Rubaiyat of Omar Khayam”.
1. The Bird of Time has but a little way. To fly
-- and Lo! The Bird is on the Wing.
a. Life is short.
2. The Worldly Hope men set their Hearts upon. Turns
Ashes -- or it prospers;
a. Men’s desire either fail or succeed.
3. How Sultan after Sultan with his Pomp. Abode
his Hour or two and went his way.
a. A rich man doesn’t live permanently in a
palace.
4. Oh threats of Hell and Hopes of Paradise! One
thing at least is certain--This Life flies:
a. Life is either destined for Hell or Heaven.
5. One thing is certain and the rest is lies; The
Flower that once is blown for ever dies.
a.All that live... dies.
a.All that live... dies.
02/14/16
Activity 16: Scanning for Specific Information
1. What are inseparable in Asia?
a. Drama, dance, and music.
2. What are regarded as valued “classical”
traditions in Asia?
a. Variations of Shadow Theatre.
3. What makes it difficult to draw a sharp
borderline between and among dance, ceremonies and rituals?
a. The deep intermingling of theatre, dance and
religion makes it difficult to draw a sharp borderline between dance,
ceremonies and rituals.
4. Why is Asia, called a treasury of traditions
representing development of theatrical performances?
a. This may be due to the deep interrelationship
with religion and rituals.
Asian Traditional Theatre and Dance
Interrelatedness
of Traditional Theatre and Music
|
In Asia, drama, dance and
music are inseparable. Most of the traditional forms of Asian performing art
combine drama, dance and music into a kind of whole in which it is difficult
to draw a clear borderline between these art forms. Most of the Asian
traditions employ either dance or dance-like, stylized movements, while
movements are frequently interwoven with text. In addition to this, most of
the traditions are characterized by their own specific musical styles or
genres. The acting technique, which employs dance-like body language, is
usually very intricate and it demands many years of arduous training, as
western ballet technique, for example, does. Therefore in Asia it is simply
not possible to classify stage arts as nonverbal “dance” or “spoken theatre”.
|
Interaction
between “living” and “puppet” theatre.
|
In Asia, puppet theatre and
one of its variations, shadow theatre, are often regarded as valued
“classical” traditions. In Asia there are dozens of important forms of puppet
theatre. One could generalize that shadow theatre usually represents the
early strata of puppetry with a long history and religious or magical
connotations. In shadow theatre the silhouette-like figures are often cut
from leather or other transparent or semi-transparent materials and they are
seen through a cloth screen while manipulated by one or more puppeteers.
The interaction of puppet
theatre and “living theatre” is one of the characteristics of Asian
theatrical traditions.
|
Relationship
with Religion
|
In many of the Asian
cultures, theatre and dance are still organically related religions and other
belief systems today. This deep intermingling of theatre, dance and religion makes
it difficult to draw a sharp borderline between dance, ceremonies and
rituals, as will be apparent later.
|
The
Preservation of Ancient Forms
|
In Asia there is an abundance
of theatrical traditions with histories of hundreds, sometimes even
thousands, of years in which the performance traditions with specific acting
techniques are also still preserved. This may be due to the deep interrelationship
with religion and rituals. Religious art tends to be conservative in nature
and changes of style are mainly avoided. Thus Asia is a treasury of
traditions representing different stages of the development of theatrical
performances from stone-age rituals to later, complex court performances and
to modern, often western-influenced styles.
Most of these traditions
preserve not only a literary heritage, but also an acting technique,
costuming, masks, a make-up system etc. that have retained much of their
original qualities throughout the centuries.
|
02/22/16
Activity 17: Check and Balance
Choose an
informative or literary text. Then write reasons of why you chose it.
·
Indian
Culture
o
It
informs you about the literature of India.
o
It tells
you about the progress of their traditions and culture.
·
Ramayana
o
It tells
you about the adventures of a hero who needs to save his wife from Ravana.
o
It
depicts the duties of relationships, portraying ideal characters.
·
Rubaiyat
of Omar Khayam
o
It tells
you about time and life.
o
It answers
many questions about life.
Activity 19: Vocabulary test
·
Ashram
o
Abode,
refuge
·
Apparently
o
Evidently
·
Garland
o
Wreath
of flowers
·
Curse
o
Damnation
·
Heralds
o
Announce
·
Hesitate
o
Pause
·
Dynasty
o
Ancestry
lines of hereditary rulers
Activity 20: ACTIVE KNOWLEDGE-SHARING
1. How is Kanva similar to most fathers
nowadays?
a. Kanva is kind and caring and allows his
daughter to have a husband.
2. What advice did he give his daughter in her
relation with her husband, her husband’s family, and the people around her?
a. He told Shakuntala to be kind, cautious, and courteous.
3. As described in the excerpt, what is the
concept regarding the role of a woman as bride?
a. Being a kind woman who is faithful to her
husband.
Activity 21: Characters’ emotions
·
ANASUYA:
Even people ignorant of wordly affairs would say that the King had not behaved
like a gentleman towards Shakuntala.
o
(Complaining)
·
PRIYAMVADA:
Anasuya, hurry. We are arranging for the departure of Shakuntala.
o
(With
Joy)
·
KANVA:
How grief weakens me when I see all those grains you scattered in offering of
the cottage door sprouting! Go now! God be with you on your journey.
o
(Sighing
with grief)
Activity 22:
·
Priyamvada
o
She will
miss Shakuntala when she leaves.
·
Kanva
o
She
tells Shakuntala to be brave on her journey, to be kind to other people, cautious
to rivals, and courteous to servants. He also felt happy when his daughter met
her lover.
·
Shakuntala
o
Missed
her friends and father when she departed from them.
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